Introduction
The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining speed, and with it, the need for adequate charging infrastructure at home. Level 2 EV charging stations are at the heart of this revolution, providing an efficient solution for EV owners. This article details everything you need to know about Level 2 chargers: how they work, the technologies involved, the financial assistance available in Canada, and installation considerations, particularly in comparison to Level 3.
Understanding Level 2 EV Charger
Unlike Level 1 chargers which use a standard 120-volt outlet, Type 2 chargers operate with 240 volts, the same voltage used for large household appliances like clothes dryers. This feature allows Level 2 stations to charge an EV much more quickly. For example, a 7 kW station can fully recharge a 40 kWh battery in approximately 5.7 hours, providing a convenient solution for nighttime charging or during working hours.
Definition and Capabilities
Voltage: 240 volts
Power options: 3 kW to 22 kW
Example of cooldown:
3 kW: full recharge in ~13 hours for a 40 kWh battery
22 kW: full recharge in ~1.8 hours for the same battery
Charging speed comparison
Level 1 vs Level 2
Level 1: approximately 6-8 km of charge per hour
Level 2: approximately 30-40 miles of charging per hour, 5 times faster than level 1
Power and recharge time
The power of Level 2 stations generally varies between 3 kW and 22 kW, directly affecting charging times. A 22 kW charger, for example, can recharge a 40 kWh battery in just 1.8 hours, making EVs more practical for everyday use and reducing users' range anxiety .
Integrated technologies and choice of connectors
Level 2 chargers come in two main types: tethered and untethered. Tethered models offer more convenience because they eliminate the need to handle a separate cable. However, untethered models allow greater flexibility and may be less expensive in the long run if the cable needs to be replaced. Connectors also vary, including Type 1 (SAE) J1772 in North America and Mennekes (Type 2) in Europe, which requires choosing a charger compatible with the vehicle.
Subsidies and financial incentives in Canada
In Canada, subsidies for the purchase and installation of electric charging stations play a crucial role in promoting electric vehicles. They help make charging stations more financially accessible for both individuals and businesses. The "Roulez vert" program in Quebec is particularly interesting: it offers up to $600 in subsidy for the purchase and installation of a level 2 EV charger at home. This initiative is designed to ease your transition to electromobility, minimizing upfront costs and giving you easy access to fast and efficient charging options at home.
Installation: Level 2 vs Level 3
Installing a Level 2 charger is generally simpler than installing a Level 3. Level 3 EV chargers, using much higher voltages for fast charging, require major modifications to the electrical infrastructure and are often impractical for residential use due to high costs and installation complexities. In comparison, a Level 2 can often be added with little or no major modification to the existing electrical infrastructure.
Costs and complexity
Level 2
Average installation cost: between $500 and $2,000
Electrical requirements: often already in place in new construction
Level 3
Average installation cost: between $10,000 and $50,000
Electrical requirements: often major upgrades required
Conclusion
Level 2 EV charging stations represent an ideal solution for electric vehicle owners, combining convenience and speed. With grants and financial incentives available, their installation has become an attractive option for many Canadians. By understanding the technology options and requirements, as well as the financial assistance available, EV owners can make informed decisions to improve their home charging experience.